Saturday, September 13, 2014

Art History as “Empirical Phenomenology”


Piet Mondrian, “Broadway Boogie-Woogie” 1943
Oil on canvas, 1.27 m x 1.27 m
Museum of Modern Art, New York City

Since art historical knowledge is just one of many registers of interpretation and self-interpretation available to artists, we have to have knowledge of more the more general historical and social world expressed by the aesthetic life of the period.  The artists’ exposure to scientific theories of color, their interest in biological discoveries, their responses to developments in social life, their beliefs about synesthesia or mysticism, may all affect the form and content of the canvas.  The holistic nature of art history means that any art historical study is forced to invoke all of the human sciences, including but not limited to the social sciences like psychology, anthropology, sociology and so forth.  For example, Margolis describes Schapiro’s work as “centered on art history, but…more of a psychological discipline” and suggests that Schapiro practices a kind of “empirical phenomenology.”[1]  This last remark indicates an Hegelian tendency to view one’s own interpretations as grounded in the practices and traditions that make up one’s milieu and the consequent problems of historicism, relativism and interpretation are opened up by that view.  Each period appears to have its own aesthetic criteria and modes of artistic self-understanding, so the study of artworks demands singular combinations of disciplines in different cases.



[1]. Joseph Margolis, “Meyer Schapiro and the Science of Art History” in British Journal of Aesthetics (Summer, 1981) Vol. 21, No. 3 p. 242

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